Late Qing Reforms and Revolutionary Nationalism

Spurs to late Qing reforms

Boxer Rebellion, 1900

Russo-Japanese War, 1904-5

1901-11 Reforms

Military

New Armies, 1901

Government

Modern ministries

Political affairs, Foreign Affairs, Commerce, Education

Abolition of exams, 1905

Education

Founding of colleges and normal schools

Hunan First Normal School, founded 1903

Yang Changji, 1914-18

Founding of public middle and elementary schools

Local funding

Mixed curriculum

The boy’s school in Family

Study abroad scholarships, 1901

Japan, Germany, Britain, France

Yang Changji, 1903-13

Chinese exclusion laws in U.S.

1882, 1884, 1888

Constitutional Study Delegations to Europe, Japan and the US, 1906

Japanese model

Gradual Constitutionalism

Provincial assemblies, 1909

Electorate 1% of the population

National Assembly, Oct. 1910

Elected by provincial assemblies

Revolutionary Nationalism

*Sun Yat-sen (1866-1925)

Born in Canton

Youth in Hawaii, 1869-1873

Medical studies in Hong Kong

Why not U.S.?

Christian convert

Revive China Society, Nov. 1894

London kidnapping, 1896

Revolutionary Alliance

Tokyo, 1905

Significance of location?

“Expel the Manchus, restore Chinese rule, establish a federal republic, and equalize the land.”

Family, Ms. Hsu Chien-ju’s father is member, p. 132